Angiomas are benign vascular lesions that can appear on the skin in various forms, including ruby angiomas, spider angiomas, and infantile hemangiomas. Although often harmless, in some cases they can represent an aesthetic concern or create discomfort.
The correct medical term for an angioma is benign neoplasm of mesodermal origin, but popularly this problem is often called "port-wine stain" or "strawberry mark," or even red "mole." Cutaneous angioma is just one of the possible manifestations of the phenomenon, the "visible" one and also the most common. It generally appears on the head, chest, back, and, more rarely, on the limbs; it can disappear on its own or last a lifetime.
Angiomas can be flat, therefore superficial and flat, tuberous, meaning papule-shaped and raised, or cavernous, meaning deep with subcutaneous branches, appearing as a bluish and localized swelling.
Moreover, angiomas can be classified into three categories.
Ruby angioma or cherry: it's the most common, also known as "senile" angioma, as it often appears in adulthood. Usually, it's small in size (maximum 6 millimeters), oval or circular in shape, flat or slightly raised.Spider angioma: also known as spider nevus (or spider naevus), it has a characteristic radiating shape, made of capillaries and web-like filaments. It's typical of light phototypes.Hutchinson's serpentine angioma: is a rare genetic vascular malformation that affects children and adolescents. This type of skin angioma initially appears as a small papule similar to those of erythema. Over time, it tends to radiate with the appearance of new peripheral papules, while the original central one fades. In this way, the lesion tends to enlarge, forming a sort of network.
These new formations can be congenital or appear over the years, especially after the thirties. However, the causes are unknown although they seem related to genetic predisposition. Pregnancy, hormonal imbalances in general, and exposure to chemical products, including certain drugs, also seem to have an impact on their appearance.
Vascular Laser: the reference treatment for eliminating angiomas
Vascular laser is the most used technology to treat angiomas. It works by emitting light that is absorbed by hemoglobin in blood vessels, causing their coagulation and reabsorption by the body.
Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (IPL): a gentle alternative
Intense pulsed light (IPL) can be used to treat some types of angiomas, especially superficial and small ones. Light energy hits the blood vessels, progressively reducing their visibility. Compared to laser, IPL is less intense and may require more sessions to achieve optimal results.
Dermatological Surgery: for larger or deeper angiomas
In cases of large or deep angiomas, such as some cavernous hemangiomas, a surgical approach may be necessary. Surgical removal is an option when the angioma causes significant functional or aesthetic problems and doesn't respond to other treatments. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and can leave a minimal scar.
The choice of treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the angioma. Vascular laser, IPL, and dermatological surgery are among the most effective solutions to safely eliminate them.
